Vyšehrad
From Prague-wiki
Vyšehrad is a castle on the southern edge of the New Town, approximately 3 kilometres south form the Prague Castle. It stands on a high cliff overlooking the Vltava River. The name Vyšehrad literally translates "Castle on the Heights". Vyšehrad forms a separate district and for a long town it was an independent town and later a military fortress.
Vyšehrad was founded in the 10th century, approximately 70 years after the establishment of Prague Castle. King Vratislav I, who had serious arguments with Prague Bishop, moved from Prague Castle to Vyšehrad in 1070. For some time it was the seat of the ruling monarch, great castle with a church, chapter house and fortified trading post. This lasted some 70 years, before Vratislav's successors returned to Prague Castle, and the city developed around that area instead.
When the Přemyslid dynasty settled in Prague Castle, the two castles maintained opposing spheres of influence for approximately two centuries. There was a chapter house, several churches and many houses of wealthy citizens in Vyšehrad.
However, at the beginning of the Hussite Wars, it was captured and heavily plundered by the Hussites. Not much remained of its former glory. Mosto of the buildings were destroyed and only two of the churches survived till present day: Gothic Basilica of Saint Peter and Paul and Romanesque Rotunda of Saint Martin from the 11th century.
Although not much remains of the castle today, Vyšehrad park nonetheless offers a pleasant excursion out of the hustle and bustle of Prague's city centre. Few areas of Prague are as quiet and peaceful as Vyšehrad. Visitors can enjoy pleasant walks through the gardens, and admire fine views over the Vltava River from the remains of the castle walls. The gardens at Vysehrad also make a good place for a picnic.
The Vyšehrad complex covers a large area, with several interesting parts to explore. The two dominant spires seen from all around belong to the SS Peter & Paul Church. The impressive interior of the church has been restored and is open to visitors.
Many of great Czech artists, writers, musicians and politicians lie buried in the cemetery adjacent to the church. Most notable are the graves of Dvořák, Smetana and Mucha.
